Pioneer

Pioneer (from Old French peon "foot soldier") may refer to:people who traveled west from all around the world

a Combat Engineer or sapper
a Settler, one who has travelled from his or her homeland by choice to live in a "new" land or colony, in particular referring to the American Old West
Pioneer plant, a plant adapted to the extreme environment of an otherwise barren location
The Pioneer, a painting by Frederick McCubbin
Pioneer Island, part of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago in the Kara Sea, north of Russia
specific organisations:

A member of the Young Pioneer organization of the Soviet Union
Pioneer Movement, a communist youth movement
Pionyr, a democratic, voluntary and independent organisation of children, youth and adult people in Czech Republic
Mormon Pioneer, a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who crossed the Great Plains
Halutz, a number of idealist movements for Jews to settle in Palestine (between 1881 and 1947), or an individual active in the physical development of the Land in that period. Bilu is a notable example.
Pioneer, a term used by Jehovah's Witnesses to describe someone who is in the full-time volunteer ministry work
A member of the Pioneer Total Abstinence Association, an Irish organisation for Roman Catholic Teetotallers
A donor who raised more than $100,000 for one of George W. Bush's Presidential campaigns.
Pioneer Football Club- AFL Football Club participating in the Central Australian Football League (CAFL) in the Northern Territory
vehicles:

Pioneer program, a series of space probes, partly from the US Armed Forces, partly from NASA's Ames Research Center
Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 space probes
Pioneer (locomotive), the first locomotive to operate in Chicago
Pioneer (Amtrak), a Chicago-Seattle passenger train run by Amtrak until 1997
Pioneer (robot), a robot developed in China
RQ-2 Pioneer, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), developed by USA and Israel
RT-21M Pioneer, a medium-range ballistic missiles

popular culture and brand names:

Pioneer Corporation, a Japanese company that produces consumer electronics
Geneon, formerly Pioneer Entertainment, the multimedia arm of Pioneer Corporation
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., an agricultrual company, which is part of DuPont
The Pioneer (daily), an English language newspaper published from Delhi, India
"Pioneers", a song by Bloc Party from their album Silent Alarm (album)
Pioneer Records, a small indie label based in the UK

Flights listing

Flights listing
# Date Designation Notes
1 1984 August 30 STS-41-D First Discovery mission: Launched two communications satellites, including LEASAT F2.
2 1984 November 8 STS-51-A Launched two and rescued two communications satellites including LEASAT F1.
3 1985 January 24 STS-51-C Launched DOD Magnum ELINT satellite.
4 1985 April 12 STS-51-D Launched two communications satellites including LEASAT F3.
5 1985 June 17 STS-51-G Launched two communications satellites, Sultan Salman al-Saud becomes first Saudi Arabian in space.
6 1985 August 27 STS-51-I Launched two communications satellites including LEASAT F4. Recovered LEASAT F3.
7 1988 September 29 STS-26 Return to flight since Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, launched TDRS.
8 1989 March 13 STS-29 Launched TDRS.
9 1989 November 22 STS-33 Launched DOD Magnum ELINT satellite.
10 1990 April 24 STS-31 Launch of Hubble Space Telescope (HST).
11 1990 October 6 STS-41 Launch of Ulysses.
12 1991 April 28 STS-39 Launched DOD Air Force Program-675 (AFP675) satellite.
13 1991 September 12 STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS).
14 1992 January 22 STS-42 International Microgravity Laboratory-1 (IML-1).
15 1992 December 2 STS-53 Department of Defense payload.
16 1993 April 8 STS-56 Atmospheric Laboratory (ATLAS-2).
17 1993 September 12 STS-51 Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS).
18 1994 February 3 STS-60 Wake Shield Facility (WSF).
19 1994 September 9 STS-64 LIDAR In-Space Technology Experiment (LITE).
20 1995 February 3 STS-63 Rendezvous with Mir space station.
21 1995 July 13 STS-70 7th Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS).
22 1997 February 11 STS-82 Servicing Hubble Space Telescope (HST) (HSM-2).
23 1997 August 7 STS-85 Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes.
24 1998 June 2 STS-91 Final Shuttle/Mir Docking Mission.
25 1998 October 29 STS-95 SPACEHAB, second flight of John Glenn, Pedro Duque becomes first Spaniard in space.
26 1999 May 27 STS-96 Resupply mission for the International Space Station.
27 1999 December 19 STS-103 Servicing Hubble Space Telescope (HST) (HSM-3A).
28 2000 October 11 STS-92 International Space Station Assembly Flight (carried and assembled the Z1 truss); 100th Shuttle mission.
29 2001 March 8 STS-102 International Space Station crew rotation flight (Expedition 1 and Expedition 2)
30 2001 August 10 STS-105 International Space Station crew and supplies delivery (Expedition 2 and Expedition 3)
31 2005 July 26 STS-114 Return to flight since Space Shuttle Columbia disaster; International Space Station supplies delivery, new safety procedures testing and evaluation.
32 2006 July 4 STS-121 International Space Station crew and supplies delivery.
33 2006 December 9 STS-116 International Space Station crew rotation and assembly (carries and assembles the P5 truss segment).


Decommissioning of Space Shuttle Discovery
According to NASA, Space Shuttle Discovery will be decommissioned in 2010. If the Contingency Logistic Flight STS-133 by Endeavour will not be flown, Discovery will be the last Space Shuttle to fly on mission STS-132. NASA expects to launch the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle on the new Ares I rocket by 2014.

Flights of discovery

Flights
Space Shuttle Discovery has flown 33 flights, spent 241.95 days in space, completed 3,808 orbits, and flown 98,710,673 statute miles (158,859,429 km) in total, as of December 2006. It has flown the most flights of all Space Shuttles so far (a title it is likely to keep). Discovery has also flown on more individual flights than any other spacecraft in history and is likely to retain this honor for some time as no planned launch vehicles (neither American nor International) have a designed lifespan of more than 10 flights. Discovery has flown both "return to flight" missions after the Space Shuttle Challenger and Columbia disasters: STS-26 in 1988 and STS-114 in 2005.

PSLV

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

Developmental flights completed with successful third developmental launch in March 1996.
IRS-1D launched by PSLV-C1 on September 29, 1997.
Now available for launching 1,000-1,200 kg class of remote sensing satellites into polar sun-synchronous orbit.
IRS-P4 (OCEANSAT) and two piggy back small satellites - Korean KITSAT and German TUBSAT launched by PSLV-C2 on May 26,1999.

Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) of ISRO, BIRD of Germany and PROBA of Belgium - into their intended orbits launched by PSLV-C3 on October 22, 2001.
The 1060 kg KALPANA-1 satellite - into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) launched by PSLV-C4 on September 12, 2002.
RESOURCESAT-1 (IRS-P6) satellite launched by PSLV-C5 on October 17, 2003.
CARTOSAT-1 and HAMSAT satellites launched by PSLV-C6 on May 5, 2005.

Weight (t) : 294
Payload (kg) : 1000-1200
Height(m) : 44.43
Orbit : Polar orbit Stage-1 Stage-2 Stage-3 Stage-4
Nomenclature Core PSI + Strap-on PSOM 6Nos. PS2 PS3 PS4
Propellant Solid HTPB Based Liquid UDMH+ N2O4 Solid HTPB Based Bi-Prop MMH + N2O4
Propellant Mass (tonnes) 138.0 + 6X9.0 40.6 7.2 2.0
Stage Mass (tonnes) 229 46 8.4 2.89
Max Thrust (kN) 4628 + 662 x 6 725 340 7.4 x 2
Burn time (sec) 107.4
45 163 76 415
Stage Dia(m) 2.8
1.0 2.8 2.0 1.3
Stage Length(m) 20
10 12.5 3.6 2.1
Control SITVC for Pitch & Yaw, Reaction control Thrusters for roll. SITVC in 2 PSOMs for roll control augmentation Engine Gimbal for Pitch & Yaw, Hot Gas Reaction Control Motor for roll control Flex Nozzle for Pitch & Yaw, PS4 RCS for roll control Engine Gimbal for Pitch, Yaw and roll On -off RCS for coast phase control